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2004
The Changing Left Ventricle

2003
Aortic Valve Disease: New Dimensions in Evaluation and Management

2002
Heart Failure: Echo's Role in and Emerging Health Crisis

2001
Chest Pain in Children & Adults: The Role of Echo

2000
Mitral Regurgitation: New Concept

1998
The Falling Left Ventricle: Diastolic & Systolic Function

1997
Changing the Outcome of Coronary Artery Disease
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Chest Pain in Children and Adults

Mitral Regurgitation: New Concepts

Diastolic and Systolic Function

Changing the Outcome of CAD

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2000 MV
2001 Chest Pain
2002 Heart Failure



Color Flow Imaging of Valvular Regurgitation
Aortic Stenosis
Fig.4.39

In normal individuals, flow is usually seen to fill the entirety of the left ventricular outflow tract. In the short-axis view of the aorta, normal flow can be seen filling the aortic valve orifice in some patients. Figure 4.39 demonstrates the appearance of normal aortic outflow in a variance map. Little aliasing is seen in this view since the maximum scan depth is rather shallow. In addition, the dull hues of red indicate that relatively low mean velocities were calculated in this situation due to the rather perpendicular orientation of the interrogating beam with the aorta.

Fig.4.40

Unlike mitral stenosis, the forward jet of aortic stenosis into the aortic root is rarely well delineated using color flow methods. In this disorder, turbulence is seen to fill almost the whole of the aortic root and to possess little directional information. When imaged, these jets frequently have marked variance in the final display, as is seen in Figure 4.40. The turbulence begins at the orifice (arrow) and generally fills the entire root. Note that a discrete jet is not visualized.

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