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2004
The Changing Left Ventricle

2003
Aortic Valve Disease: New Dimensions in Evaluation and Management

2002
Heart Failure: Echo's Role in and Emerging Health Crisis

2001
Chest Pain in Children & Adults: The Role of Echo

2000
Mitral Regurgitation: New Concept

1998
The Falling Left Ventricle: Diastolic & Systolic Function

1997
Changing the Outcome of Coronary Artery Disease
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Chest Pain in Children and Adults

Mitral Regurgitation: New Concepts

Diastolic and Systolic Function

Changing the Outcome of CAD

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2000 MV
2001 Chest Pain
2002 Heart Failure



The clinical value of coronary flow reserve measurement in ischemic heart disease
Tamás Forster

Download this document as a .PDF file.
 
By Pulsed Doppler the flow in the LAD can be measured. A smaller systolic and a larger diastolic wave can be detect- ed. Norm. diastolic flow velocity: < 60 cm/s.
 
 
There is a tendency for having lower CFR values with increasing severity of LAD disease (not significant).
Grades of aortic atherosclerosis.
In case of any atherosclerosis, CFR values decreased significantly.
The way to calculate elastic and Young´s modulus.
BP - blood pressure
DD - diameter of the descending aorta
D - difference between diastolic and systolic diameters
h - thickness of the aortic wall
Elastic modulus and Young´s modulus significantly increased in case of lower CFR values.
 
In case of significant aortic stenosis and LAD disease, the CFR is markedly and similarly decreased.
 
At normal cholesterol level with or without lipid-lowering therapy, the CFR is in the normal range. At increased cholesterol level (no matter to therapy), CFR is significantly lower.

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